David,+Sean,+Cam

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= = = **  ---B i o l o g i c a l W e a p o n s  **  =

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 * ................. Should Australia conduct biological weapons research as a way of defending the country? ......................**

** What is Biological Weaponry. **

**Biological weaponry is a form of weapon used by some countries to eliminate the enemy. Biological weaponry means to create a disease or to kill them using chemicals. They are toxic chemicals used to kill or harm the enemy, Biological weapons may be employed in various ways to gain a strategic or tactical advantage over an opponent. It could be a plague which could be devastating to towns or cities. Some biological weapons are used with artificial substances and others with real substances. While it is possible to develop biological weapons from things like bacteria, finding a way of distributing the substances is difficult. They can be distributed by dropping bomb or by touching them could be deadly.** Sean McDonald 7G

**Advantages to biological weapons** Biological weapons could be very useful when defending Australia. If there is a big area of enemy army that needs killing a biological weapon will do it. Researchers might find cures or a way of stopping diseases that spread from biological weapons. The government will know more about the different types of biological weapons, which might help if a country plans to use a biological weapon on Australia. ** David Sutherland 7B **

**Disadvantages to biological weapons** Biological weapons aren't very accurate. If you are aiming for the enemy the disease might spread and harm your own army. Sometimes it takes as long as 50 years for a biological weapon to no longer be harmful. There is no point killing all of the people in a country with biological weapons if it makes it inhabitable for many years to come. Cameron Williams 7B

= - Different types of Biological Weapons --  =

= **AGENT ORANGE**. . . . =

The real name for agent orange was herbicide, agent orange was only its code name during wars. Agent orange was a substance used in the Vietnam war. The substance was made in 1940 but people started to do tests on it 20 years later in the 1960's. Between 1962 and 1971 the US army dropped over 75, 700, 000 Liters of agent orange during the Vietnam war. It was dropped from planes above the enemy and forests around them. Agent orange wasn't made to kill people but it was made to destroy the forest where the enemy was hiding during the war. Agent orange caused cancer and deformed children in the generations after the attacks.

= ** ANTHRAX ** .. .. =

Anthrax is one of the best know biological weapons and possibly one of the most feared. Anthrax is a spore and can kill us if we inhale it. Over the years Anthrax has been used for different kinds of attacks. It was sent in the mail by terrorists in America which scared the whole country. It has also been tested on islands which has made the island unlivable for over 50 years. Anthrax is found in the soil and if you touch it you will have a slow and painful death. Anthrax is a bacterial infection that is a disease of a herbivorous animal. It can affect someone by inhaling, an insect bite, ingestion and contact with an animal which has it. Most of all the deaths from Anthrax were from breathing it in. Scientists believe that if 100kilograms of Anthrax is sprayed over a major city it can kill over 3 million people. Some of the first symptoms of Anthrax are Fever, Malaise, fatigue, coughing and feeling pressure on the chest.

=** ANTHRAX ISLANDS **=

Anthrax is one of the best known biological weapons and possibly one of the most feared. During the second world war some British scientists used a small island as a testing area for the biological weapon Anthrax. They tested the Anthrax on a flock of sheep on the island of Gruinard, just off the mainland half way between Ullapool and Gairloch. Because in the highlands of this area were so contaminated with Anthrax the island was out of bounds for almost 50 years.

=** GAS CHAMBERS  .. **=

Gas chambers have been used for many different things such as,
 * Killing innocent people - Gas chambers were used in Hitlers time to gas the Jews and all of Hitlers enemy. Prisoners of the Nazi army who were either to sick, to old or to weak to do any good work for them were sent to the gas chambers. To prevent panic, the unwell prisoners were told that they were going to have a shower. They put them in a massive chamber and instead of water coming out of the water heads, the deadly gas came out. The gas was called Zyklon B, and it was made from hydrogen cyanide crystals. This Zyklon B was originally made as a strong disinfectant and also a deadly pest control.
 * Death penalties - In 1924 people used cyanide gas to execute inmates. Gee John was one of the first people to ever get executed by gas. They attempted to execute whilst he was sleeping in his cell in jail by pumping cyanide gas into it, but this failed because the cyanide gas would just leak out through the cell bars. That is why they built a gas chamber in 1999 for execution circumstances only. If a person was going to get executed by gas chamber, they would be strapped to a chair in an airtight chamber. Underneath the chair is a is a bucket of sulfuric acid. When the executor is told to, he flicks a switch which will then release crystals of sodium cyanide and that causes the reaction that then causes the deadly hydrogen cyanide gas.The person getting executed is told to breath deeply, because that will then speed up the process, but instead of breathing deeply they tend to hold their breath. At first there is signs of extreme horror, pain, and strangling. Their eyes pop. The skin turns purple and they begin to drool. Once the prisoner is dead the executor sucks all the deadly gasses out of the chamber and removes the body. But now days they have invented an alternate to gas chambers, the criminal has a lethal injection instead.

=** SMALLPOX  **=

Smallpox is a disease that was first found in Africa, India and China. Smallpox is a virus which only affects humans. Smallpox causes lumps and bumps on the skin, which eventually will cause problems such as arthritis and bone infections, brain swelling, eye infections, scarring, severe bleeding, skin infections and sometimes even death. Some of the symptoms of smallpox are backache, delirium, diarrhea, bleeding, fatigue, fever, feeling sick, rashes, headaches and vomiting. A smallpox virus can be caught only from contact with a person who has smallpox or by injection. During world war 2 the US and UK considered using smallpox as a weapon but then decided that it wouldn’t work as a weapon.

= **__Questions__** =

Is it possible to create a biological weapon that will only attack one race of people? Dr David Kelly attempted to create a biological weapon that would attack only Arabs. It may be possible since many people are researching it to wipe out only specific races of people.

Which countries are researching biological weaponry in the world right now?

Burma, China, India, USA, Russia, Israel, Pakistan, North Korea and South Africa.

Who is responsible for the Japanese train tunnels disaster?

On march 20, 1995 sarin gas was used to gas Japanese train tunnels, 13 people died.

Members of the Aun shinrikyo group were the perpetrators.

Who were the first people to use biological weaponry? During the fourth century BC Scythian archers dipped their arrows in animal poo, blood and snakes venom. Roman commander Manius Aquilles poisoned the water wells of his enemies in 130BC.

Where is anthrax found? Anthrax is found in wild and domestic animals, it is also found in soil.

What happened to the victims of Agent Orange?

Victims of Agent Oranges children could be born with no limbs or disabilities

FACTS- Australian and American scientists are on the verge of a breakthrough in the early diagnosis of a bacterial disease which has killed 10 people in the Northern Territory this wet season. During the the 1940's and 1990's the U.S government spent roughly 8.15 trillion dollars on biological and nuclear warfare. this could be used on other more important things like health. During the vietnam war agent orange was dropped on the enemy force by australians and killed some australian army men as well as the enemy. During 1940 - 1990 the US spent 8.15 trillion dollars on biological weapons research. Gruinard island- a small scottish island in the United Kingdom, used in world war 2. Vozrozhdeniya island- an island in the aral sea used by the soviet union in the cold war Plum island- a small island off the east coast of long island, New York in the United states, the location of a testing lab for hazardous lifestock.  Although every step must be taken to protect against a chemical or biological attack in America, our nation would survive the use of those weapons as we did when anthrax was mailed to our Capitol and other targets without paying the money of researching biological weaponry. [|Adam Schiff]

 ISLANDS- Anthrax is one of the best known biological weapons and possibly one of the most feared. During the second world war some British scientists used a small island as a testing area for the biological weapon Anthrax. They tested the Anthrax on a flock of sheep on the island of Gruinard, just off the mainland half way between Ullapool and Gairloch. Because in the highlands of this area were so contaminated with Anthrax the island was out of bounds for almost 50 years.

timeline- 400bc-scythian archers infect their arrows by dipping them in decomposed bodies or in blood mixed with manure. 300bc-Persian, Greek and Roman literature there are examples of dead animals in wells. 1155- Emperor Barbossa poisons water wells with dead bodies. 1346- mongols catapult bodies of plague victims over the city walls of Caffa. 1650-Polish fire saliva from rabid dogs at the enemies. 1763- British distribute blankets from smallpox patients to native americans. 1974-agent orange. 2001-anthrax in USA mail.



= Bibliography/References =

Pictures http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=agent+orange&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=N&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1416&bih=850&tbm=isch&tbnid http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=agent+orange+spraying&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=X&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw http://cybersarges.tripod.com/AO.html http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=biological+weapon+sign&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1416&bih=850&tbm=isch& http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=anthrax+powder&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=X&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1920&bih=917&tbm=isch& http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=anthrax+powder&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=X&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1920&bih=917&tbm=isch& http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=anthrax+powder&um=1&hl=en&client=firefox-a&sa=X&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&biw=1920&bih=917&tbm=isch&tbnid=wHMn548pTuUnWM:&imgrefurl=http://anthraxmuseum.tripod.com/theanthraxmysterymuseumtm/&docid=4oNxDVLII1jjHM&imgurl=http:

Information http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Orange http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/scotland/1457035.stm http://judaism.about.com/od/holocaust/ss/ausch_tour_5.htm http://deathpenaltycurriculum.org/student/c/about/methods/gaschamber.htm http://www.emedicinehealth.com/biological_warfare/article_em.htm [] [] http://www.theage.com.au/national/cloud-over-biological-weapons-20101219-191xz.html http://news.theage.com.au/national/defence-may-probe-agent-orange-claims-20080519-2fvf.html